Give short answers
1. What is Human Right?
The U.N.O defines Human rights as "The right inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion or any other status. Every one is entitled to these rights without discrimination."
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2. What are the fundamental rights?
The fundamental rights are:
(i) Right to Equality
(ii) Right to Freedom
(iii) Right against Exploitation
(iv) Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
(v) Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
(vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies
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3. What are the Child Rights defined by the UNO?
The UNO adopted the Rights of the child on 20th November, 1989. They are
(i) Right to life
(ii) Right to family environment
(iii) Right to Education
(iv) Right to benefit from Social security
(v) Right against sexual exploitation
(vi) Right against sale or trafficking
(vii) Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour.
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4. Write a short note on the Right to
Constitutional Remedies.
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5. Define: POCSO
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6. Why do children need special attention?
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7. What are the contributions to labourers
by B.R. Ambedkar?
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8. ‘All are equal before law’. But we have enacted a separate law for women – Justify
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9. Write about the Right against exploitation.
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10. Differentiate: Fundamental Rights and Human Rights
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Answer in detail
1. Write a paragraph about UDHR.
(i)The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights.
(ii) The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10th December 1948.
(iii) This is the first time it sets out the fundamental human rights to be universally protected and the UDHR has been translated into many languages.
( iv) There are 30 articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
(v) It guarantees freedom of expression as well as civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights.
(vi) These rights apply to all people, irrespective of their race, gender and nationality, as all people are born free and equal
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2. What are fundamental duties? How would you follow these in your school premises?
The Fundamental duties were incorporated in the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. The Constitution states eleven Fundamental Duties. They are,
(i) Respect for the Constitution and its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
(ii) To follow and cherish the noble ideals which inspired our National Struggle for freedom.
(iii) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
(iv) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
(v) To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
vi) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
(vii) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have compassion on living creatures.
(viii) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
(ix) To safeguard public property and to abjure from violence.
(x) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievements.
(xii) To provide opportunities for education by the parent and guardian to their child or ward upto the age of 14 years.
I would follow the relevant fundamental duties with determination and discipline.
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3. How does the National Human Rights Commission protect our rights?
The National Human Rights Commission is an autonomous body constituted in 1993. It consists of a chairman and few other members.
The National Human Rights commission protects our rights in the following ways.
(i) To inquire into the violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant
(ii) To intervene in court proceedings relating to human rights
(iii) To undertake and promote research in the field of human rights
(iv) To engage in human rights education among various sections of society
(v) To encourage the effects of NGOs and institutions working in the field of human rights.
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4. What are the benefits for workers provided by labour law?
Due to Labour law, workers enjoy the following benefits,
(i) Reduction in Factory Working Hours (8 hours a day)
(ii) Compulsory Recognition of Trade Unions
(iii) Employment Exchange in India
(iv) Employees State Insurance (ESI)
(v) Minimum Wages
(vi) Coal and Mica Mines Provident Fund
(b) Women workers benefit the following,
(i) Mines Maternity Benefit Act
(ii) Women Labour Welfare Fund
(iii) Women and Child Labour Protection Act
(iv) Maternity Benefit for Women Labour
(v) Restoration of Ban on Employment of Women on Underground Work in Coal Mines.
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5. How do you enjoy the fundamental rights in
your life?
(i) Right to Equality assures equality before law and equal protection of law. Prohibition or discrimination on the grounds of religion, caste, races, gender or place of birth is offensive.
(ii) Right to Freedom assures Freedom of speech and expression, Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms, Freedom to form associations and unions, Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India, Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India and Freedom to practice any profession and carry on any occupation, trade or business.
(iii) Right against Exploitation protects the child below 14 years of age from getting employed in mines, factories or other occupations.
(iv) Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion gives us freedom to follow and practice a religion of our choice.
(v) Through Cultural and Educational Rights the Constitution gives us the right to preserve, protect and promote culture. We have the right to open schools, associations and societies to preserve and promote our tradition and culture.
(vi) Right to Constitutional Remedies protects and safeguards all other rights.
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