9th history chapter5

Answer the following briefly 

1. Attempt an account of slavery in Rome. 

1. Rome produced a new labour force called slaves

2. Major source of revenue to the Roman state was slave trade

3. During first century BC the total strength of free population was 3.25 million and the slave population was 2 million.

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2. Highlight the main contribution of Constantine. 

1. Earlier Roman emperors suppressed Christianity.

2. One of the Roman Emperors Constantine himself became a Christian.

3. Christianity thus became the official religion of the Empire.

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3. What do you know of the Carthaginian leader Hannibal? 

1. The three Wars fought between two powers Rome of Italy and Carthage of North Africa are called punic wars.

2. Carthage sent a General named Hannibal 

3. He defeated the Roman Army and made a great part of Italy a desert

4. In the 2nd punic war Fabius confronted Hannibal and defeated him in the battle of Zama.

5. Pursued by the Roman Army Hannibal ended his life by poisoning himself.

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4. What were the reasons for the prosperity of Han Empire? 

1. Han dynasty established Silk Road for trade

2. The Silk export reached as far as the Roman empire. 

3. Han people learned new techniques like method of harnessing horses, use of saddle and stirrups, techniques of building bridges and mountain roads and seafaring.

4. Such innovations made Han Empire  prosperous.

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5. Write about St. Sophia Cathedral.

1.St. Sophia Cathedral was built in the 6th century AD.

2. It was the most magnificent Building in Europe.

3. It was known for its innovative architectural techniques.

4.It was turned into a mosque by the Ottoman turks when they captured Constantinople.

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Answer the following in detail 

1. Discuss the rise and growth of Athens, pointing out its glorious legacy 

Athens 

The rise of Athens :

1. In Athens pressure from the common people resulted in the formation of democracy

2. The law making power is vested with all free men

3. Judges where chosen by lots

4. The Upper class people considered democracy as the rule of mob

The growth:

1. In other Greek States the rich landowners opposed democracy

2. But in Athens the democracy survived for about 200 years

3. Athens had a great leader pericles who ruled for 30 years.

4. Despite the disturbance from Sparta Athens became a noble city with magnificent buildings

5. There were great artist and great thinkers

6. Historians therefore call this the age of pericles

Legacy:

1. Socrates was a great Thinker of pericles era

2. Plato,Aristotle ,democritus and epicurious belonged to this period

3. Great historians herodotus and thucydides lived during this period. 

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2. Write about India's position during classical position. 

1. The Kushan period corresponded with the last days of Roman Republic, when Julius Caesar was alive

2. The Kushan Empire is said to have sent an embassy to Augustus Caesar who succeeded Julius Caesar

3. In South India kalabhra period was the corresponding period

4. Teak wood ,pearls, Ivory, precious stones and brocades (fabric) were exported to babylonia, Greece,Egypt and Rome

5. 18 major works of Sangam age(ettutogai,pathupaatu..etc) were compiled during this period

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