Answer very briefly.
1. Define taxonomy.
1. Taxonomy is the science of classification which makes the study of wide variety of organisms easier.
2. It helps us to understand the relationship among different group of animals
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2. What is nematocyst?
1. In coelenterata, the tentacles bear stinging cells called nematocyst.
2. It is also called as cnidoblast.
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1. In coelenterates the body wall is of two layers of cells namely the outer ectoderm and the inner endoderm.
2. Due to the presence of two layers in the body wall, coelenterates are called diploblastic animals.
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4. List the respiratory organs of amphibians.
1. Gills
2. Lungs
3. Skin
4. Bucco - Pharynx
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5. How does locomotion take place in starfish?
In starfish locomotion takes place by tube feet.
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6. Are jellyfish and starfish similar to
fishes? If no justify the answer.
Ans: No
Reason:
1. Jelly fish and star fish are invertebrates belonging to the phyla coelenterate and Echinodermata respectively.
2. Fish is a vertebrate belonging to the class pisces.
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7. Why are frogs said to be amphibians?
Frogs have dual adaptation, to live in land as well as in water. Hence, they are known as amphibians.
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Answer briefly.
1. Give an account on phylum Annelida.
1. These are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, first true coelomate animals with organ - system grade of organization.
2. Body is externally divided into segments called metameres joined by ring like structures called annuli.
3. It is covered by moist thin cuticle. Setae and parapodia are locomotor organs.
4. Sexes may be separate or united (hermaphrodites).
5. Eg: Nereis, Earthworm, Leech
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2. Differentiate between flat worms and
round worms?
| Flat worms | Round worms |
| Flat worms belongs to phylum Platyhelminthes. | Round worms belongs to Phylum Aschelminthes. |
| Acoelomate | Pseudocoelomate |
| Mostly Hermaphrodite. | Sexes are separate. |
| Ex: Liver fluke | Ex: Ascaris |
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3. Outline the flow charts of Phylum
Chordata.
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4. List five characteristic features of fishes.
1. Poikilothermic and aquatic vertebrates.
2. Body is streamlined.
3. Locomotion is by fins.
4. Body is covered with scales.
5. Respiration is through gills.
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5. Comment on the aquatic and terrestrial
habits of amphibians.
Aquatic habits:
1. Skin is moist and have mucus gland.
2. Respiration is through gills.
Terrestrial habits:
1. Long hind limbs for jumping.
2. Respiration is through lungs.
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6. How are the limbs of the birds adapted
for avian life?
1. Birds have two pairs of wings, the forelimbs are modified as wings which enable them to fly.
2. The hind limbs are adapted for walking and perching or swimming.
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Answer in detail.
1. Describe the characteristic features of
different Prochordates.
1. The prochordates are considered as the forerunners of vertebrates.
2. Since they do not have a cranium or skull they are referred to as Acrania.
3. The classification of the Prochordates is based on the nature of the notochord.
4.The Phylum Prochordata is classified into two sub phylum, they are
a. Urochordata
b. Cephalochordata
a. Urochordata:
1. Notochord is present only in the tail region of the free living larva.
2. The adults are degenerate, and are sessile forms.
3. The body is covered by a tunic or test.
Eg: Asicidian
b. Cephalochordata:
1. Small fish like marine chordates with unpaired dorsal fins.
2. Notochord extends throughout the entire length of the body.
Eg: Amphioxus
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2. Give an account on phylum Arthropoda.
1. Phylum Arthropoda is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom.
2. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and coelomate animals.
3. The body is segmented into head, thorax and abdomen.
4. The body cavity is filled with haemolymph (blood).
5. The blood does not flow in blood vessels and circulates throughout the body (open circulatory system).
6. The blood fluid circulates through the body cavity and is called open circulatory system.
7. The exoskeleton is made up of chitin.
8.The exoskeleton is shed periodically through a process called moulting.
9. Respiration is through body surface, gills or tracheae (air tubes).
10. Excretion occurs by malphigian tubules or green glands.
11. Sexes are separate.
12. Eg: Prawn, Crab, Spider
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