23. Identfiy the biological term
Excretion, glomerulus, urinary bladder, glomerular filtrate, ureters, urine, Bowman’s capsule, urinary system, reabsorption, micturition, osmosis, proteins.
a. A liquid which gathers in the bladder.
Excretion, glomerulus, urinary bladder, glomerular filtrate, ureters, urine, Bowman’s capsule, urinary system, reabsorption, micturition, osmosis, proteins.
a. A liquid which gathers in the bladder.
a)Urine
b. Produced when blood is filtered in a
Bowman’s capsule.
b)glomerular filtrate
c. Temporary storage of urine.
c. Temporary storage of urine.
c)urinary bladder
d. A ball of inter twined capillaries.
d. A ball of inter twined capillaries.
d)glomerulus
e. Removal of unwanted substances from the body.
e. Removal of unwanted substances from the body.
e)Excretion
f. Each contains a glomerulus.
f. Each contains a glomerulus.
f)Bowman’s capsule
g. Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
g. Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
g)Ureters
h. Scientific term for urination.
h. Scientific term for urination.
h)Micturition
i. Regulation of water and dissolved substances in blood and tissue fluid.
i. Regulation of water and dissolved substances in blood and tissue fluid.
i)homeostasis
j. Consists of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
j. Consists of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.
j)Urinary system
k. Removal of useful substances from glomerular filtrate.
k. Removal of useful substances from glomerular filtrate.
k)reabsorption
l. What solute the blood contains that are not present in the glomerular filtrate?
l. What solute the blood contains that are not present in the glomerular filtrate?
i)proteins
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24.With regards to toxicity and the need for dilution in water, how different are ureotelic and uricotelic excretions? Give examples of animals that use these types of excretion?
1. The process of excreting urea is called ureotelism.
2. Animals which are found in places where water availability is not abundant have this mode of excretion.
3. They convert Ammonia produced in the body into urea in the liver and release it to the blood. This is filtered and excreted by the kidneys, Eg: Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes.
4. In terms of toxicity urea is more toxic than uric acid but it is soluble in water and is thus excreted as urine.
Uricotelism:
1. The process of excreting uric acid is called uricotelism.
2. Uric acid can be removed from the body with a minimal loss of water and the excreta is in the form of pellet or paste (semisolid).
3. Eg. Many desert animals, Reptiles, Birds, Insects.
4. In terms of toxicity, uric acid is the least toxic nitrogenous waste. It is also insoluble in water.
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26.What is the nitrogenous waste produced by amphibian larvae and by the adult animal?
1.Nitrogenous waste produced by amphibian larvae is Ammonia.
2.Since they are aquatic, ammonia diffuses into the water.
3.Nitrogenous waste produced by adult amphibian is urea since they are terrestrial.
4.Further production of urea as excretory waste requires less water.
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27. How is urea formed in the human body?
The nitrogenous waste formed as a result of breakdown of amino acids is converted to urea in the liver by the Ornithine cycle or urea cycle.
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28. Differentiate cortical from medullary nephrons.
In majority of the nephrons, the loop of Henle is too short and extends very little into the medulla i.e, they lie in the renal cortex. These are called cortical nephrons and form about 80% of total nephrons in the kidney.
Medullary Nephrons:
In some nephrons, the loop of Henle is very long and run deep into the medulla. They are called Medullary nephrons.
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2.It breaks into small arterioles and an afferent arteriole enters into each nephron.
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1.The efferent arteriole drains the filtered blood from the nephron.
2.All the efferent arterioles from the nephrons join to form the renal vein.
3.This carries venous blood and leaves the kidney to join the inferior vena cava.
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31.What is tubular secretion? Name the substances secreted through the renal tubules.
1.Tubular secretion is the passage of waste material from the blood to the filtrate in the Nephron.
2.It is the last stage of Excretory process taking place in the Nephron.
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32. How are the kidneys involved in controlling blood volume? How is the volume of blood in the body related to arterial pressure?
High blood pressure:
The kidneys remove extra water and sodium through urine to lower blood volume.
Low blood pressure:
The kidneys keep more water and sodium inside the body to raise blood volume
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33. Name the three main hormones involved in the regulation of the renal function?
34.What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? Where is it produced and what stimuli increases or decreases its secretion?
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36. Explain the heart’s role in secreting a hormone that regulates renal function? What hormone is this?
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